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Vistgerðir á Íslandi: ferskvatn og fjörur (Habitat types of Iceland: freshwater and littoral shores).

Vistgerðakortið sýnir útbreiðslu ferskvatns- og fjöruvistgerða á Íslandi.
Alls hafa verið ákvarðaðar 17 vistgerðir fyrir ferskvatn og 24 vistgerðir fyrir fjörur. Ferskvatnsvistgerðir skiptast í tvö þrep, en fjöruvistgerðir í fimm þrep.

Við skilgreiningu og flokkun vistgerða á Íslandi var tekið mið af EUNIS-flokkunarkerfinu (European Environment Agency 2012) .

Landupplýsingaþekjan fyrir jarðhita, ferskvatns- og fjöruvistgerðir er á vektorformi. Vektorþekjurnar eru flestar flákaþekjur, en fyrir ferskvatn er einnig línu- og punktaþekja. Gögn fyrir stöðuvötn (vg2 = V1) eru fjarlægð tímabundið úr niðurhalsþjónustu vegna ágreinings um grunnkort Loftmynda ehf. en þekjan er sýnileg í kortasjá.

Náttúrufræðistofnun Íslands leggur með ritinu Vistgerðir á Íslandi fram tillögur að flokkun vistgerða sem á sér fyrirmynd í samræmdri og viðurkenndri flokkun vistgerða í Evrópu. Flokkunin byggir á rannsóknum víða um land með fyrirvara um að bæta mætti í þá þekkingu.

Frekari upplýsingar um flokkun og skilgreiningu vistgerða má sjá í ritinu: Jón Gunnar Ottósson, Anna Sveinsdóttir og María Harðardóttir, ritstj. 2016. Vistgerðir á Íslandi. Fjölrit Náttúrufræðistofnunar nr. 54. 299 s. og á vef Náttúrufræðistofnunar.</gco:CharacterString>
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        <gmd:MD_SpatialRepresentationTypeCode codeList="http://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_SpatialRepresentationTypeCode" codeListValue="vector" />
      </gmd:spatialRepresentationType>
      <gmd:spatialResolution>
        <gmd:MD_Resolution>
          <gmd:equivalentScale>
            <gmd:MD_RepresentativeFraction>
              <gmd:denominator>
                <gco:Integer>25000</gco:Integer>
              </gmd:denominator>
            </gmd:MD_RepresentativeFraction>
          </gmd:equivalentScale>
        </gmd:MD_Resolution>
      </gmd:spatialResolution>
      <gmd:language>
        <gmd:LanguageCode codeList="http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/" codeListValue="eng" />
      </gmd:language>
      <gmd:characterSet>
        <gmd:MD_CharacterSetCode codeList="http://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_CharacterSetCode" codeListValue="utf8" />
      </gmd:characterSet>
      <gmd:topicCategory>
        <gmd:MD_TopicCategoryCode>biota</gmd:MD_TopicCategoryCode>
      </gmd:topicCategory>
      <gmd:topicCategory>
        <gmd:MD_TopicCategoryCode>oceans</gmd:MD_TopicCategoryCode>
      </gmd:topicCategory>
      <gmd:extent>
        <gmd:EX_Extent>
          <gmd:temporalElement />
        </gmd:EX_Extent>
      </gmd:extent>
      <gmd:extent>
        <gmd:EX_Extent>
          <gmd:geographicElement>
            <gmd:EX_GeographicBoundingBox>
              <gmd:westBoundLongitude>
                <gco:Decimal>-24.75</gco:Decimal>
              </gmd:westBoundLongitude>
              <gmd:eastBoundLongitude>
                <gco:Decimal>-13.19</gco:Decimal>
              </gmd:eastBoundLongitude>
              <gmd:southBoundLatitude>
                <gco:Decimal>63.29</gco:Decimal>
              </gmd:southBoundLatitude>
              <gmd:northBoundLatitude>
                <gco:Decimal>66.60</gco:Decimal>
              </gmd:northBoundLatitude>
            </gmd:EX_GeographicBoundingBox>
          </gmd:geographicElement>
          <gmd:temporalElement>
            <gmd:EX_TemporalExtent>
              <gmd:extent>
                <gml:TimePeriod gml:id="Temporal">
                  <gml:beginPosition>2012-01-01</gml:beginPosition>
                  <gml:endPosition>2017-03-01</gml:endPosition>
                </gml:TimePeriod>
              </gmd:extent>
            </gmd:EX_TemporalExtent>
          </gmd:temporalElement>
        </gmd:EX_Extent>
      </gmd:extent>
    </gmd:MD_DataIdentification>
  </gmd:identificationInfo>
  <gmd:distributionInfo>
    <gmd:MD_Distribution>
      <gmd:distributionFormat xmlns:che="http://www.geocat.ch/2008/che">
        <gmd:MD_Format>
          <gmd:name>
            <gco:CharacterString>ESRI ArcGIS File Geodatabase, ESRI Shapefile</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:name>
          <gmd:version>
            <gco:CharacterString>10.7.0.10450</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:version>
        </gmd:MD_Format>
      </gmd:distributionFormat>
      <gmd:transferOptions>
        <gmd:MD_DigitalTransferOptions>
          <gmd:onLine xmlns:che="http://www.geocat.ch/2008/che">
            <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
              <gmd:linkage>
                <gmd:URL>https://atlas.lmi.is/NI_Data/</gmd:URL>
              </gmd:linkage>
              <gmd:protocol>
                <gco:CharacterString>WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:protocol>
              <gmd:name>
                <gco:CharacterString>Niðurhalssíða Náttúrufræðistofnunar Íslands</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:name>
              <gmd:function>
                <gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeList="http://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode" codeListValue="download" />
              </gmd:function>
            </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
          </gmd:onLine>
          <gmd:onLine>
            <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
              <gmd:linkage>
                <gmd:URL>https://www.natt.is/is/midlun/opin-gogn</gmd:URL>
              </gmd:linkage>
              <gmd:protocol>
                <gco:CharacterString>WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:protocol>
              <gmd:name>
                <gco:CharacterString>Skilmálar (PDF) – Licence (PDF)</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:name>
              <gmd:function>
                <gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeList="http://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode" codeListValue="information" />
              </gmd:function>
            </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
          </gmd:onLine>
          <gmd:onLine>
            <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
              <gmd:linkage>
                <gmd:URL>http://vistgerdakort.ni.is/</gmd:URL>
              </gmd:linkage>
              <gmd:protocol>
                <gco:CharacterString>WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:protocol>
              <gmd:name>
                <gco:CharacterString>NÁTT kortasja 'Vistgerðir og mikilvæg fuglasvæði á Íslandi'</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:name>
              <gmd:function>
                <gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeList="http://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode" codeListValue="information" />
              </gmd:function>
            </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
          </gmd:onLine>
          <gmd:onLine>
            <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
              <gmd:linkage>
                <gmd:URL>https://www.natt.is</gmd:URL>
              </gmd:linkage>
              <gmd:protocol>
                <gco:CharacterString>WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:protocol>
              <gmd:name>
                <gco:CharacterString>Vefur Náttúrufræðistofnunar</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:name>
              <gmd:function>
                <gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeList="http://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode" codeListValue="information" />
              </gmd:function>
            </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
          </gmd:onLine>
          <gmd:onLine>
            <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
              <gmd:linkage>
                <gmd:URL>https://www.natt.is/is/grodur/vistgerdir/ferskvatn</gmd:URL>
              </gmd:linkage>
              <gmd:protocol>
                <gco:CharacterString>WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:protocol>
              <gmd:name>
                <gco:CharacterString>Vistgerðir á Íslandi: Ferskvatn (vefur Náttúrufræðistofnunar)</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:name>
              <gmd:function>
                <gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeList="http://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode" codeListValue="information" />
              </gmd:function>
            </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
          </gmd:onLine>
          <gmd:onLine>
            <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
              <gmd:linkage>
                <gmd:URL>https://www.natt.is/is/grodur/vistgerdir/fjara</gmd:URL>
              </gmd:linkage>
              <gmd:protocol>
                <gco:CharacterString>WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:protocol>
              <gmd:name>
                <gco:CharacterString>Vistgerðir á Íslandi: Fjara (vefur Náttúrufræðistofnunar)</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:name>
              <gmd:function>
                <gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeList="http://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode" codeListValue="information" />
              </gmd:function>
            </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
          </gmd:onLine>
          <gmd:onLine xmlns:che="http://www.geocat.ch/2008/che">
            <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
              <gmd:linkage>
                <gmd:URL>http://utgafa.ni.is/fjolrit/Fjolrit_54.pdf</gmd:URL>
              </gmd:linkage>
              <gmd:protocol>
                <gco:CharacterString>WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:protocol>
              <gmd:name>
                <gco:CharacterString>Fjölritið Vistgerðir á Íslandi (PDF)</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:name>
              <gmd:function>
                <gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeList="http://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode" codeListValue="information" />
              </gmd:function>
            </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
          </gmd:onLine>
          <gmd:onLine>
            <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
              <gmd:linkage>
                <gmd:URL>https://www.natt.is/is/midlun/grunngerd-landupplysinga/gagnalysingar-og-fitjuskrar</gmd:URL>
              </gmd:linkage>
              <gmd:protocol>
                <gco:CharacterString>WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:protocol>
              <gmd:name>
                <gco:CharacterString>Íslenskt fitjuskrá '530 Vistgerðir' sem tengjast staðlinum ÍST 120 (PDF)</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:name>
              <gmd:function>
                <gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeList="http://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode" codeListValue="information" />
              </gmd:function>
            </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
          </gmd:onLine>
          <gmd:onLine>
            <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
              <gmd:linkage>
                <gmd:URL>https://kort.gis.is/mapview/?app=kort&amp;l=is&amp;c=500000,500000&amp;z=3.0&amp;ls=13414,9034,9285,8934,8940&amp;op=9034_0.7,9285_1</gmd:URL>
              </gmd:linkage>
              <gmd:protocol>
                <gco:CharacterString>WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:protocol>
              <gmd:name>
                <gco:CharacterString>Skoða gögn í kortaglugga</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:name>
              <gmd:function>
                <gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeList="http://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode" codeListValue="information" />
              </gmd:function>
            </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
          </gmd:onLine>
          <gmd:onLine>
            <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
              <gmd:linkage>
                <gmd:URL>https://gis.natt.is/geoserver/wfs?request=GetCapabilities</gmd:URL>
              </gmd:linkage>
              <gmd:protocol>
                <gco:CharacterString>OGC:WMS</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:protocol>
              <gmd:name>
                <gco:CharacterString>ni:ni_vg25v_pt</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:name>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Vistgerðir: Straumvötn</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
            </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
          </gmd:onLine>
          <gmd:onLine>
            <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
              <gmd:linkage>
                <gmd:URL>https://gis.natt.is/geoserver/wfs?request=GetCapabilities</gmd:URL>
              </gmd:linkage>
              <gmd:protocol>
                <gco:CharacterString>OGC:WMS</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:protocol>
              <gmd:name>
                <gco:CharacterString>ni:ni_vg25v_li</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:name>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Vistgerðir: Straumvötn</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
            </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
          </gmd:onLine>
          <gmd:onLine>
            <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
              <gmd:linkage>
                <gmd:URL>https://gis.natt.is/geoserver/wfs?request=GetCapabilities</gmd:URL>
              </gmd:linkage>
              <gmd:protocol>
                <gco:CharacterString>OGC:WMS</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:protocol>
              <gmd:name>
                <gco:CharacterString>ni:ni_vg25v_fl</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:name>
              <gmd:description>
                <gco:CharacterString>Vistgerðir: Fjörur – Habitat types: Littoral shores</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:description>
            </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
          </gmd:onLine>
        </gmd:MD_DigitalTransferOptions>
      </gmd:transferOptions>
    </gmd:MD_Distribution>
  </gmd:distributionInfo>
  <gmd:dataQualityInfo>
    <gmd:DQ_DataQuality>
      <gmd:scope>
        <gmd:DQ_Scope>
          <gmd:level>
            <gmd:MD_ScopeCode codeList="http://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_ScopeCode" codeListValue="dataset" codeSpace="ISOTC211/19115" />
          </gmd:level>
        </gmd:DQ_Scope>
      </gmd:scope>
      <gmd:report>
        <gmd:DQ_DomainConsistency>
          <gmd:result>
            <gmd:DQ_ConformanceResult>
              <gmd:specification>
                <gmd:CI_Citation>
                  <gmd:title>
                    <gco:CharacterString>Commission Regulation (EU) No 1089/2010 of 23 November 2010 implementing Directive 2007/2/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards interoperability of spatial data sets and services</gco:CharacterString>
                  </gmd:title>
                  <gmd:date>
                    <gmd:CI_Date>
                      <gmd:date>
                        <gco:Date>2010-12-08</gco:Date>
                      </gmd:date>
                      <gmd:dateType>
                        <gmd:CI_DateTypeCode codeList="http://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_DateTypeCode" codeListValue="publication" codeSpace="ISOTC211/19115" />
                      </gmd:dateType>
                    </gmd:CI_Date>
                  </gmd:date>
                </gmd:CI_Citation>
              </gmd:specification>
              <gmd:explanation>
                <gco:CharacterString>Validation has not been performed.</gco:CharacterString>
              </gmd:explanation>
              <gmd:pass>
                <gco:Boolean>false</gco:Boolean>
              </gmd:pass>
            </gmd:DQ_ConformanceResult>
          </gmd:result>
        </gmd:DQ_DomainConsistency>
      </gmd:report>
      <gmd:lineage>
        <gmd:LI_Lineage>
          <gmd:statement>
            <gco:CharacterString>Ferskvatnsvistgerðir eru kortlagðar út frá vatnafarsþekjum Veðurstofu Íslands (Vatnshlotavefsjá) og Loftmynda ehf. Stöðuvötn og straumvötn voru skjáhnituð í samræmi við vettvangsgögn og út frá nýjustu loftmyndum Loftmynda ehf. hverju sinni. Upplýsingar um kaldar lindir og jarðhitalæki eru fengnar frá öðrum rannsóknum. Vettvangsvinna fór fram 2012-2015 og úrvinnsla gagna var í samstarfi við Náttúrustofu Kópavogs.

Fjöruvistgerðir eru skjáhnitaðar í samræmi við vettvangsgögn og út frá nýjustu loftmyndum Loftmynda ehf. hverju sinni. Auk þess voru vistgerðir kortlagðar eftir ljósmyndum, útreiknaðri brimasemi, heimildum og ýmsum fræðigreinum. Vettvangsvinna fór fram 2012-2014.

Jarðhitavistgerðir eru skjáhnitaðar eftir loftmyndum Loftmynda ehf. og innrauðum SPOT gervitunglamyndum. Vettvangsvinna fór fram 2012-2013, auk þess sem notuð voru vettvangsgögn úr eldri rannsóknum NÍ, 2001-2002 og 2005-2008.

Nákvæmni gagna miðast við mælikvarða 1:25.000.


Fyrirvari um flokkun vistgerða

Náttúrufræðistofnun Íslands leggur með ritinu Vistgerðir á Íslandi fram tillögur að flokkun vistgerða sem á sér fyrirmynd í samræmdri og viðurkenndri flokkun vistgerða í Evrópu. Flokkunin byggir á rannsóknum víða um land með fyrirvara um að bæta mætti í þá þekkingu.
Náttúrufræðistofnun tekur við ábendingum um leiðréttingar á vistgerðakorti í gegnum netfangið natt@natt.is (Subject: Ábending um leiðréttingar á vistgerðakorti).</gco:CharacterString>
          </gmd:statement>
        </gmd:LI_Lineage>
      </gmd:lineage>
    </gmd:DQ_DataQuality>
  </gmd:dataQualityInfo>
</gmd:MD_Metadata>

