INSPIRE Geoportal
World Settlement Footprint (WSF) 2019 - Sentinel-1/2 - Global
The World Settlement Footprint (WSF) 2019 is a 10m resolution binary mask outlining the extent of human settlements globally derived by means of 2019 multitemporal Sentinel-1 (S1) and Sentinel-2 (S2) imagery. Based on the hypothesis that settlements generally show a more stable behavior with respect to most land-cover classes, temporal statistics are calculated for both S1- and S2-based indices. In particular, a comprehensive analysis has been performed by exploiting a number of reference building outlines to identify the most suitable set of temporal features (ultimately including 6 from S1 and 25 from S2). Training points for the settlement and non-settlement class are then generated by thresholding specific features, which varies depending on the 30 climate types of the well-established Köppen Geiger scheme. Next, binary classification based on Random Forest is applied and, finally, a dedicated post-processing is performed where ancillary datasets are employed to further reduce omission and commission errors. Here, the whole classification process has been entirely carried out within the Google Earth Engine platform. To assess the high accuracy and reliability of the WSF2019, two independent crowd-sourcing-based validation exercises have been carried out with the support of Google and Mapswipe, respectively, where overall 1M reference labels have been collected based photointerpretation of very high-resolution optical imagery.
Simple
- Date (Creation)
- 2021-11-01T00:00:00
- Citation identifier
- https://geoservice.dlr.de/catalogue/srv/metadata/cbc6cb05-1245-41f9-a866-051119441187
- Presentation form
- Digital map
- Other citation details
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DOI: 10.15489/twg5xsnquw84
- Purpose
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The main objective of the World Settlement Footprint project is to depict the globals settlement extent.
- Status
- Completed
- Point of contact
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Organisation name Individual name Electronic mail address Role German Aerospace Center (DLR)
Point of contact German Aerospace Center (DLR)
Mattia Marconcini
Author DLR/EOC Land Surface Dynamics
WSF Team
Point of contact German Aerospace Center (DLR)
EOC Geoservice
Point of contact
- Maintenance and update frequency
- As needed
- Keywords
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opendata
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global
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urbanization
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land
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global settlement extent
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Sentinel-1
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Sentinel-2
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inspireidentifiziert
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GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0
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Land cover
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- Use limitation
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Nutzungseinschränkungen: Das DLR ist nicht haftbar für Schäden, die sich aus der Nutzung ergeben. / Use Limitations: DLR not liable for damage resulting from use.
- Access constraints
- Other restrictions
- Other constraints
- Es gelten keine Zugriffsbeschränkungen.
- Use constraints
- Other restrictions
- Other constraints
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Nutzungsbedingungen: Lizenz, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 / terms of use: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Other constraints
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{"id": "cc-by/4.0",
"name": "Creative Commons Namensnennung – 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)",
"url": " http://dcat-ap.de/def/licenses/cc-by/4.0",
"quelle": "Copyright DLR (2021)"}
- Spatial representation type
- Grid
- Denominator
- 20000
- Language
- English
- Character set
- UTF8
- Topic category
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- Imagery base maps earth cover
))
- Begin date
- 2019-01-01T00:00:00
- End date
- 2019-12-31T23:59:00
- Unique resource identifier
- EPSG:4326
- Number of dimensions
- 2
- Dimension name
- Column
- Dimension size
- 4007726
- Resolution
- 10 m
- Dimension name
- Row
- Dimension size
- 1536433
- Resolution
- 10 m
- Cell geometry
- Area
- Transformation parameter availability
- No
- Distribution format
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Name Version GeoTIFF
- OnLine resource
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Protocol Linkage Name OGC:WMS
https://geoservice.dlr.de/eoc/land/wms? WSF_2019
OGC:WMS-http-get-capabilities
https://geoservice.dlr.de/eoc/land/wms?SERVICE=WMS%26REQUEST=GetCapabilities WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
https://geoservice.dlr.de/web/maps/eoc:wsf2019 EOC Geoservice Map Context
WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
https://download.geoservice.dlr.de/WSF2019/ EOC Download Service
WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
https://geoservice.dlr.de/eoc/ogc/stac/collections/WSF_2019 EOC STAC Collection
WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
https://www.dlr.de/content/en/articles/news/2021/04/20211111_the-view-from-space-how-cities-are-growing.html World Settlement Footprint - DLR News
- Hierarchy level
- Dataset
Domain consistency
- Measure identification
- INSPIRE / Conformity_001
Conformance result
- Title
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Commission Regulation (EU) No 1089/2010 of 23 November 2010 implementing Directive 2007/2/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards interoperability of spatial data sets and services
- Date (Publication)
- 2010-12-08
- Explanation
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See the referenced specification
- Pass
- Yes
- Statement
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The WSF2019 has been generated by means of an advanced classification system which jointly exploits open-and-free optical and radar satellite imagery acquired for the year 2019. In particular, ~286K Sentinel-1 and ~2M Sentinel-2 scenes have been processed, respectively.
- Description
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World Settlement Footprint - WSF2019 Processing:
Processing:
First, suitable temporal features are generated out of radar Sentinel-1 and optical Sentinel-2 data. Next, training points for the settlement and non-settlement class are derived by thresholding a subset of these, which varies depending on the corresponding Köppen Geiger climate type. Binary Random Forest classification is then applied and a dedicated post-processing is finally performed where ancillary datasets are used to further reduce omission and commission errors.
Quality Assurance:
The WSF2019 has been validated against 1M ground-truth samples collected – with the support of Google and Mapswipe - by crowdsourcing photointerpretation of reference very high-resolution satellite imagery. To this purpose a statistically robust and transparent protocol has been defined following recommended state-of-the-art practices.
Metadata
- File identifier
- cbc6cb05-1245-41f9-a866-051119441187 XML
- Metadata language
- English
- Character set
- UTF8
- Hierarchy level
- Dataset
- Hierarchy level name
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Dataset
- Date stamp
- 2024-06-20T13:08:13
- Metadata standard name
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19115-1:2014/19139
- Metadata standard version
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2003/Cor.1:2006
- Metadata author
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Organisation name Individual name Electronic mail address Role German Aerospace Center (DLR)
Point of contact
